PRESUNIVE CIVIL ENGINEERING JOURNAL [ISSN2987-145X (online)] is a scientific publication media for researchers, students as well as practitioners in the area of expertise of Structural Engineering, Construction Engineering & Management, Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, and Transportation Engineering. The Journal publishes in April and October under the supervision of the Civil Engineering Study Program, President University.
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Deviations Due to the Discrete Modeling of the Structures
Real existing structures are generally complicated in geometry that might make them unsuitable or difficult for the analyses. Several assumptions or simplifications are usually made by the practitioners to make them simpler and may be analyzed in ease. The assumptions and/or simplifications might make the analyses much easier; however, they might create some deviations from the true behavior of the structures, which are in fact, are not known precisely to the analysts. The paper discusses some examples for simplifications in the analysis or the structural systems. The examples include the types of the simplifications, and the deviations that caused by them. The types of simplifications are in the case of material behavior, the geometry of the system, an in the case of connectivity of the structural components. The results signify the importance of wisdom in the setting of the simplifications and the assumptions to make the analyses easier but with dependable results.
Copyright (c) 2023 Binsar H. Hariandja, Ika Bali
Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Recycled Glass Powder
Glass bottle waste takes a million years to decompose. Recycling is the best option to solve this problem. One alternative is to use recycled glass in the form of powder as a material for making concrete. This study proposes the use of recycled glass powder as a concrete material to partially substitute fine aggregate. This study aims to determine the effect of glass powder as a partial substitute for fine aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete. Partial substitution of fine aggregate was selected with a percentage of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Standard cylindrical specimens aged 28 days used in compressive strength testing in this study. Then, the test results of concrete containing recycled glass powder compared to ordinary concrete. The test results show that the compressive strength of concrete containing 15% recycled glass powder gives an average compressive strength of 35.57 MPa which is slightly higher than the compressive strength of normal concrete of 35.10 MPa. This study found that the use of glass powder as a substitute for fine aggregate can be used as a substitute for normal concrete in terms of compressive strength and reduce glass waste.
Copyright (c) 2023 Bimantara Putra Nugraha, Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko, Ika Bali
Efficiency of the Use of Computer Memories and Execution Time in Structural Analysis
The use of computer programming provides accurate and speedy analyses of structural systems. The accuracy and the speed of the analysis are due to the novelty of the computer, i.e., the speed in storing and retrieving large size of data, and the speed and the accuracy in the numerical computation. However, in old days, due to the limited storage capacities of old generations of the computers, and the use of limited main frame computers, used by so many parties, the efficient use of computer memory became an important issue. Moreover, the use of rented base of computer time necessitated the efficient use of computer run time. The paper discusses the efforts to efficiently use the computer memory and computer run times. These issues seem to remain important issues, even though to date, the tendency is to use of personal computers and laptops instead the use of rented main frame computers.
Evaluation on Merauke Drainage System in Overcoming Flood-Prone Areas
Merauke city suffers flooding in almost every rainy season, which endangers the environment and disturbs people's activities. One of the worst floods happened in 2019, where flooding damaged vegetables and crops, impacted the city's economy, and later caused economic inflation. Therefore, a study evaluating the drainage system in Merauke city is needed to overcome this issue. This study was conducted through a field survey and literature study with data that varies from hydrological, elevation, and hydraulics data. Hydrological data includes yearly rainfall data, and hydraulics data consists of the drainage network and designs. This evaluation will then result in the normalization of a drainage system. This study found that the capacity of the current drainage system is 10.815 m3/s, where this drainage capacity cannot accommodate the amount of flood discharge plan. Also, the existing drainage system is missing a component that was not built in the first place, affecting the drainage's capacity. Therefore, a normalization of the drainage system is needed to avoid flooding.
Copyright (c) 2023 Bagoes Rezky Ramdhani, Maryo Inri Pratama, Anggoro Wisaksono
On-Site Earthquake Early Warning System as an Alternative Earthquake Mitigation Solution in Indonesia
The Banten earthquake, which had a magnitude of 6.6 on January 14, 2022, damaged 3,078 houses. That number consisted of 395 heavily damaged units, 692 moderately damaged units and 1,991 lightly damaged units (Tempo.co, 2022). The Banten earthquake was a strong earthquake where the magnitude was greater than a scale of 5. Damage to houses caused by the earthquake occurred in most single-story houses or low-rise buildings. Given the large number of one-story houses that are damaged every time a major earthquake occurs in Indonesia, there needs to be appropriate mitigation measures to reduce the risk of earthquake disasters, especially for human casualties. An On-site Earthquake Early Warning System (On-site EEWS) can be an alternative in reducing victims of the disaster. This earthquake early warning system has sensors that are installed on the site of building houses and can predict strong earthquake waves that are destructive in nature (S/Secondary Waves) through P/Primary Waves that arrive early in about 10-20 seconds. This time is sufficient for evacuation for the occupants of a one-story house if the early warning alarm is properly responded to. This early warning radius can reach 20 km from the on-site EEWS location considering that this area has relatively the same vibration effect. Currently, Indonesia through the BMKG is developing EEWS as a part of the existing earthquake mitigation system. The purpose of this study is to describe the application of an on-site earthquake early warning system as an alternative solution for earthquake mitigation in Indonesia. This study evaluates several EEWS applications in the literature to find the best alternative to be applied in Indonesia. The critical factors for on-site implementation of the EEWS discussed in this paper are compared with the Taiwan regional EEWS. Based on the existing validation, the on-site EEWS has an 80% accuracy rate in predicting the intensity level of a strong earthquake, capable to automatically send an alarm message within 3 seconds and providing a warning time of at least 8 seconds before a destructive peak S wave arrives.
The Effect of Steam Curing on the Early Compressive Strength of Glass Powder Concrete
Glass bottle waste is non-biodegradable and concerns about its impact on the environment. One alternative is to use recycled glass bottle waste in a form of glass powder as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. This study compared the glass powder concrete containing 20% glass powder as a partial replacement for fine aggregate treated by steam curing to the normal concrete treated by immersion curing. To obtain a higher early strength, the glass powder concrete will be treated with steam curing method for total duration of 9 hours. The test results showed that glass powder concrete treated with steam curing experienced a significant increase of 40.7% in compressive strength at 1 day of age with a compressive strength of 7.84 MPa compared to normal concrete of 5.56 MPa, an increase of 57.0% at 3 days of age with a compressive strength of 16.88 MPa compared to normal concrete of 10.75 MPa, and an increase of 14.0% at 7 days of age with a compressive strength of 23.86 MPa compared to normal concrete of 20.94 MPa. The results of this study indicated that steam curing has the effect of increasing the early compressive strength of concrete at the age of 1, 3 and 7 days. In addition, the use of 20% glass powder as a partial replacement for fine aggregate can contribute to the utilization of non-biodegradable glass bottle waste.
Copyright (c) 2023 Ravelino Hafizh Geovenerdy, Ika Bali, Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko
Finite Element Analysis of Nonlinear Contact Problems with Mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian Description
This study deals with analysis of structures using mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian description. Apart from generally used Lagrangian description which uses initial configuration as reference, the newly proposed uses one of actual configuration as reference. Therefore, the total displacement is decomposed into two portions, i.e., the portion covering displacement from initial into referential configuration called Eulerian displacement, and the portion covering displacement from referential configuration into current configuration called Lagrangian displacement. The new technique is suitable to be applied to several classes of structures such as frictional contact and tensile structures. Eulerian displacement is used to represent relative displacements between material points paired in a nodal point in which slip mode occurs, while Lagrangian displacement is used to represent mutual displacement of material points paired in a nodal point in which stick mode occurs. The method was applied to certain contact problems, and the results obtained agreed fairly well with existing results found in references.
Copyright (c) 2023 Binsar Halomoan Hariandja, Ph.D.
Analysis of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Bore Pile Foundation in High-Rise Building at Pulomas, East Jakarta
Soil condition at the Pulomas tower project site with a water level of 17 m below the ground and the hard soil at ground depth of 18 – 22 m, as well as the project location surrounded by houses and office buildings made the choice of bore pile as the foundation in this project. This condition is the background to the need for a bore pile capacity analysis in this tower project. The objective of this study is to analyze the bore pile capacity which is based on Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and to be compared to the interpretation result of static loading test at a tower project location in East Jakarta. The ultimate bearing capacity of bore pile foundation was calculated using Meyerhof method and Reese & Wright method, and static loading test using Chin method. This study indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity using Reese & Wright method is closer to the interpretation result of static loading test from Chin method compared to Meyerhof method.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nathanael Edward Wisan, Ika Bali, Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko
Analysis of the Queuing System and the Access Bridge of the Kuningan LRT Station
LRT or Light Rail Transit is an alternative to mass transportation from the outskirts to the city center, helping to cut travel time and is integrated with public transportation and activity center locations. LRT effectiveness needs to be supported by LRT stations, the factors included are passenger queues and access bridge. This research delves into an analysis of the queuing system and access bridge at Kuningan LRT station, Jakarta, focusing on the expected waiting time in the system (card tapping time) and the queue at the north and south entrances. The research methodology involved a combination of observation and analytical methods, including data collection on the dimension of the access bridge and LRT station and the use of Queuing theory with multiple single servers' models for data analysis. The research findings reveal that during peak hours, with an estimated daily influx of 10,990 passengers arriving at Kuningan LRT and 10,096 departing from it, the average number of people in the queue is less than one person, with no prolonged queues. The analysis of data presented in this study reveals that the design and construction of the Kuningan LRT access bridge align closely with the pertinent development regulations. The study contributes to the knowledge of queuing systems and provides insights into the number of people estimated to be queuing at the Kuningan LRT station and to forecast how many queues may form during peak hours.
Copyright (c) 2023 Vanogary Eljuvonrodo Yogawijaya, Prihartono Prihartono, B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara
Construction Delays Analysis in the Kampung Akuarium Flats Project, Penjaringan-Jakarta
The most common impediment to project work is a delay in implementing work activities. Even though the completion time has been calculated, there are several influencing factors, such as natural factors that cannot be predicted, late material delivery, a lack of workers that are not optimal when doing project work, and insufficient funds. In this case, the construction project of the Kampung Akuarium flats in Penjaringan area of North Jakarta was delayed from both technical and non-technical. The objective of this study is to identify the factors causing the project delays and the delay time of the project. This research was conducted by collecting data obtained and processed using Microsoft Project 2019 and the Critical Path Method (CPM) to help identify the problems. From the results that have been analyzed, critical paths include the structural work, finishing architecture 3rd floor, finishing architecture 4th floor, and finishing architecture 5th floor. If not completed immediately or delayed during implementation, the entire project schedule will be delayed. This has an effect where the initial contract plan was completed in 182 days to 259 days with a difference of 77 days or 11 weeks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Intan Dian Amalia, Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko, Anaconda Bangkara http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Recycled Bottle Glass Powder Substitute
Concrete is a material that is widely used in the construction of structural buildings. One of the influential factors for obtaining high quality concrete is the aggregate gradation. If the aggregate gradation has a small size and varies, it can reduce the porosity of the concrete so that the concrete becomes denser which makes the quality of the concrete high. In order to use aggregates with fine gradations, this study proposes glass powder derived from glass bottle waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregates. The glass powder used is in the sizes about 0.150 mm - 0.075 mm. Then, the maximum size of 15 mm for the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate with the gradation of zone 4 (fine sand) were used for the concrete mix. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete i.e. the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete with glass powder as a partial substitution of fine aggregates with a percentage of 10%, 15%, and 20% at a concrete age of 28 days. This study uses the testing method that refers to ASTM standard. From the test results, it was found that the compressive strength of concrete with 20% glass powder variation (GPC 20%) increased by 11.32% with a value of 38.97MPa compared to the compressive strength of normal concrete (NC) with a value of 35.01 MPa. For the split tensile strength, the concrete with a 20% glass powder variation increased by 15% with a value of 2.71 MPa compared to the split tensile strength of normal concrete with a value of 2.36 MPa. The results showed that the use of glass powder as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in this study was reasonably good to improve its mechanical properties.
Copyright (c) 2024 I Made Tatanka, Ika Bali, Eddy Sudjatmiko
Compressive Strength of Concrete Containing Merapi Cold Lava Sand
Reports from the literature state that Merapi sand is a good material as a filler in concrete to replace some of the fine aggregate because it has a high content of silica (SiO2) and the sharp edges of the silica form angular particles. The potential function of Merapi sand as a filler and its use as a waste material prompted this study to be carried out. The objective of this study is to determine the potential of Merapi Sand in terms of concrete compressive strength as an effective replacement for local sand in the Cikarang area. In this study, Merapi cold lava was crushed to the size of fine aggregate by passing a 2.26 mm sieve. The percentages of Merapi sand used as a partial substitute for local sand are 10%, 20%, and 30%. The results of this study show that Merapi sand concrete (MSC) 30% at age of 7 days and 28 days provides the highest increase in compressive strength of 17.4% and 15.8% respectively compared to normal concrete (NC). The addition of a percentage of Merapi sand as a partial replacement for local sand tends to increase the compressive strength of the concrete. Based on this study, Merapi sand has the potential to be used as a partial replacement for local sand in increasing the compressive strength of concrete and reducing cold lava waste.
Copyright (c) 2024 Theo Trichius Cilvin Peden Bungalolon, Ika Bali
Analysis of Base Shear and Story Drift in the Low-Rise RC Structure
Earthquakes frequently occur in Indonesia because it is an earthquake-prone area. Due to lateral load from an earthquake can cause a weakly constructed building to collapse. Designers often only consider tall buildings in designing earthquake-resistant building structures but ignore earthquake-resistant designing for low-rise buildings. This study focuses on the analysis of earthquake resistant structures with a case study of low-rise buildings in the form of a 3-story reinforced concrete (RC) building in the South Jakarta area. The objective of the study is to analyze the base shear and story drift of the structure due to lateral or earthquake loads. The structure is a reinforced concrete with the concrete compressive strength of Â = 30 MPa and longitudinal reinforcement of Â = 420 MPa and stirrups of Â Â = 280 MPa. This study uses equivalent static analysis manually and using ETABS 20.1.0 application. The results showed that three story buildings analyzed using equivalent static analysis method and using ETABS 20.1.0 application had almost the same results on horizontal forces with manual result of 1680.97 kN and ETABS of 1648.46 kN. The elastic story deflection and inelastic story drift in this study are still within safe limits because it is below the drift limit.
Copyright (c) 2024 Phil Benson Bong, Ika Bali
Effects of Modeling on the Behavior of Prestressed Concrete System
This study deals with the modeling of prestressed concrete components and its effects on the behavior of the structure. Two cases are presented, i.e., simple vs continuous beams, and crossing of prestressed and reinforced concrete beams. Based on the findings in this study, the modeling has significant effects in prestressed concrete behavior. The effects might create serious problems on structural safety if not addressed properly in the analysis and design of prestressed concrete systems. As much as possible, it is best to design prestressed components as free-standing statically determinate systems, thereby avoiding the possibility of additional secondary stresses that may reduce the capacity of the designed member. To achieve the above goals, it is best to use a precast concrete system to build a prestressed concrete system.
Copyright (c) 2024 Akbar Putro Adjie, Binsar Hariandja, Ika Bali
Analysis of Road Drainage Capacity of Developing Industrial Area in Karawang
Karawang district was formerly known as a rice barn in West Java. But now, this area has become one of Indonesia's largest industrial districts. Its great potential increases the community’s demand for business places. Therefore, the high activity of an area must be balanced with the fulfillment of infrastructure facilities. In maintaining adequate road conditions, it is necessary to provide an integrated drainage system between the road drainage system and the drainage system of the surrounding area. This paper is objective which is to evaluate the capacity and performance of existing road drainage channel. As the land use changes, it’s crucial to evaluate the increase rainfall water runoff. By collects and evaluating recent rainfall data and hydrological analysis using the Normal, Gumbel, Log Normal, and Log Pearson III methods to determine the design rainfall in South Karawang. The results of rain data processing obtained by the selected parameters test method are the Log Pearson III with 10-years of rainfall design 141.26 mm. After conducting capacity evaluation, the results show that the existing channels that serve the area (A) of 8.37 ha with the runoff coefficient (C) of 0.89 are needs to be increases to accommodate the surface rainfall water runoff discharge of, QÂ = 3.26 m3/s. Thus, a precast concrete U-Ditch of 1200 x 1400 mm will provide effective 400 mm of freeboard, W, and 0.5% as channel slope (s) is designed with channel discharge (Qchannel) of 3.39 m3/s to accommodate the needs of current conditions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sely Audi Amanda, Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko
Compressive Strength of Concrete with Malang Sand as Fine Aggregate Substitute
Malang sand has small and rough grains with a sharp surface, it can easily absorb water and adhere to cement. It is very suitable for use as fine aggregate in concrete to improve the quality and durability of concrete. As sand from a volcano, Malang sand has similar characteristics to sand from cold lava resulting from volcanic eruptions. In another study, concrete with sand from cold lava of Sinabung volcano was reported to have the highest compressive strength in a mixture variation of 60-70% of Sinabung sand at the age of 14 days. This study focuses on investigating the compressive strength of concrete with the addition of Malang sand as partly replacement of 50-70% of the fine aggregate material. The concrete design method uses practical guidelines for designing concrete mixes according to Indonesian standard (SNI), and for testing the compressive strength of concrete using ASTM C-39. The percentage of sand used in this study is 50%, 60%, and 70% as a substitute for fine aggregate with a concrete age of 28 days. Based on the study results, the maximum average compressive strength is achieved for the concrete with Malang sand of 70% (MSC 70%) with a compressive strength of 31.89 MPa or an increase 4.32% compared to normal concrete. In this study indicated that the trend of compressive strength is increase with the increase of Malang sand content in the concrete.
Muhammad Iqbal Paramatatya Satyawan Santoso
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Iqbal Paramatatya Satyawan Santoso, Ika Bali
Analysis of the Acceleration of Tower Project Activities using the What/If Method
In the construction of the Pegadaian Tower project, the delays experienced were evidenced by the project implementation not being in accordance with the plans that had been designed before the construction process began. The project planning made by the contractor is planned for the topping off process or final floor casting of the superstructure construction phase to be carried out in September 2022 or in the 18th month of the total 25 months of work on this project. Efforts made to adjust the implementation of the plan were to accelerate this project, where the acceleration was carried out using the What/If method by adding working hours (overtime) and the number of workers at the research object who worked on the Mezzanine floor to the 5th floor at the superstructure stage. Apart from the What/If method as an acceleration solution, initial efforts were made by evaluating the project schedule using the Precedence Diagramming Method (DPM) network planning method with the help of Microsoft Project software. The analysis carried out resulted in good acceleration where the acceleration analysis using the What/If method can speed up the completion of superstructure construction so that it can help achieve the topping off target in September according to what has been planned in the schedule. Meanwhile, adding labor and working time to these three important activities can speed up the duration of the project so that the project avoids contract loss penalties with the owner.
Copyright (c) 2024 Risma Sari Juniarti, Anaconda Bangkara, Anggoro Wisaksono
Construction Cost Reduction in Design of Prestressed Concrete Structural System
Concrete material has moderately strong compressive strength, but relatively weak tensile strength. To overcome this problem, three kinds of systems can be applied, namely reinforced concrete system, composite concrete system, and prestressed concrete system. In a prestressed concrete system, a compressive force is applied to annihilate the tension region in the concrete section. Compared to reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete requires a smaller section of concrete, since the whole cross section is in compression and active. However, prestressing concrete needs the use of high strength steel wire which is extremely costly. The use of prestressing concrete may be carried out using minimization on the use of such expensive high strength steel. In this research, two methods of minimization of the use of high strength steel, which are the shifting of the support of the beam to get the smaller field moment. The other method is to reshape the concrete section to have a higher moment of inertia. It is found out that the two methods perform well in the minimization process of construction cost of the prestressing concrete beam.
Copyright (c) 2024 Michelia Esteruli Instia Surbakti, Binsar Hariandja, Ika Bali
Analysis of Minimum Service Standards and Passenger Satisfaction for the Electric Train (KRL) on the Cikarang–Sudirman Commuter Line
KRL is a public transportation system is in the great interest of the Indonesian because it is considered effective and efficient for the community and can be a solution to streamline the mobility of the population, especially for the populace in the Jabodetabek region. As the number of passengers increases every year, it is important to know the services and facilities provided by the operator. This research aims to determine the quality of services and facilities of this transportation mode, both at the station and during the trip. The study examines the KRL Commuter Line service between Cikarang and Sudirman, with Sudirman Station selected as a representative sample for analysis. The analysis is made in accordance with Regulation of the Minister of Transportation No. 63 of 2019, and the level of customer satisfaction is analyzed using the Important Performance Analysis/IPA method and Customer Satisfaction Index/CSI. The research indicates that the services at Sudirman Station comply with most of the minimum standards outlined in the regulation, however some facilities need to be provided such as full platform roof, customer work desk and elevator or lift for disable. While on the train, CCTV and first aid kit need to be installed. According to the IPA method, there are attributes of service that need to be enhanced on the primary priority scale: (1) the height/width difference of the station platform floor and the railroad floor; (2) seating facilities in the waiting room; (3) passenger service facilities such as work desks; (4) a special elevator (lift) for passengers using wheelchairs; (5) availability of a first aid kit in each train set; (6) space capacity to carry standing maximum of 1 m2 for 6 people; (7) availability of CCTV in the train; and (8) punctuality of departure or arrival time. In addition, the CSI score for KRL Sudirman station's quality of service performance is 71.60%, indicating that customers are satisfied with the quality of service provided.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Rhystya Atysya Maruddhany, Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko, . Prihartono
Sediment Characteristics and Prediction of Sediment Yield in Drainage Channel: A Study on Yos Sudarso Street Cikarang City
Yos Sudarso Street, Cikarang City, is crucial for mobility and economic activity. However, Yos Sudarso Street has waterlogging and flooding issues due to severe sediment accumulation, resulting in siltation of the channel, so it cannot flow stormwater properly. This study aims to identify sediment characteristics and predict sediment yield in the drainage channel on Yos Sudarso Street, Cikarang City. It’s essential because sediment has negative impacts on drainage channels. The limited studies on sediment characteristics and sediment yield prediction in urban areas make this study necessary. The bed sediment samples were taken from 3 points in the drainage channel to identify the sediment characteristics. Sediment yield prediction using the Universal Soil Loss Equation method based on rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length, steepness, and crop management factors. The sediment characteristics at sites 1, 16, and 17 were dominated by large sand grains (0.82-1.81 mm) that were difficult to transport. Poorly sorted indicates low flow energy. Grain size distribution extends to fine grains. Sites 1 and 17 are concentrated at mean size, while site 16 is concentrated at the extreme size. The sediment yield prediction by the universal soil loss equation is 1.989 (t/ha/yr). This information can be used to formulate effective sedimentation control strategies.
Copyright (c) 2024 Emilia Arista Irianto, Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko, Ika Bali
Study of Base Shear and Inter-Story Drift due to Earthquake Forces on a Ten-Story Building Structure in Surakarta
Earthquakes are the frequent natural disasters that hit Indonesia as a consequence of the country's geographical location. Surakarta City become a region that frequently suffers the effects of earthquakes. Earthquake disasters threaten high-rise building structures in Surakarta City, where earthquake loads acting on the structure can cause damage and even structural collapse. These historical and geographical reasons become the foundation of this research to analyze high-rise building structures in Surakarta City. In this study, the structural conditions of the analyzed high-rise buildings comply with the equivalent static method's analysis requirements, so that this method can be employed in this research. The equivalent static analysis was conducted through manual calculation and the ETABS program. This study focuses on several structural parameters, including base shear force, and inter-story drift. Based on the analysis that was already conducted, the base shear force was obtained at 14392.365 kN through manual calculation and 14984.490 kN through ETABS program analysis. The inter-story drift value that was already calculated fulfils the maximum threshold requirements, where the inter-story drift values are 17.984 mm – 68.183 mm in the X direction and 9.846 mm - 46.804 mm in the Y direction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yudistira Cahaya Assidiq
Cultural Influence towards Corruption: Perceptions of Construction Practitioners in Indonesia
The construction sector is one of the most vulnerable sectors to corruption. Previous publications have examined the causes, types, impacts, and strategies for preventing and eradicating corrupt practices in the construction sector. This research, however, focuses on the influence of cultural aspects on corrupt practices in the Indonesian construction sector. Through a mixed-method approach, this research identifies various forms of corruption in the construction sector and measures construction practitioners’ perceptions regarding the frequency of these corrupt practices. In summary, 14 forms of corrupt practices can occur at four stages of construction procurement. The analysis results also show practitioners’ perception of corruption as a norm in the construction business. This is motivated by the influence of cultural aspects in Indonesian society, especially related to the practice of connections and insiders, as well as a permissive attitude towards corruption. The results of this research contribute as a reference for stakeholders in understanding the influence of cultural aspects comprehensively so that they can take effective steps in establishing an anti-corruption culture in Indonesia.
Shear Strength Reduction of Expansive Soil and Its Impact on Sheet Pile Structure Stability (Study at Cikarang District, Bekasi Regency, West Java)
Expansive clay soils are classified as a problematic soil type, which is very sensitive to changes in moisture content. This sensitivity causes volume fluctuations and a decrease in soil strength parameters over time. The phenomenon has implications for the degradation of soil shear strength, which is often overlooked in long-term stability analysis. A real case happened in Bekasi Regency, where a slope retaining sheet pile experiencing a slant that was not predicted in the initial design. At the design and construction stage, the structure did not experience movement. However, over the time, the structure experienced a slow movement causing it to become lopsided and severely damaged, affecting the road below. This condition is suspected to be due to a decrease in soil strength over time. To investigate this issue, this thesis undertakes a numerical modeling approach with the Finite Element Method (PLAXIS 2D). It allows the simulation of gradual deterioration of soil parameters including cohesion (c), internal shear angle (ϕ) and modulus of elasticity (E) until results are obtained that match the current field conditions. The analysis revealed that the main cause of the sheet pile slope was a 35% decrease in soil shear strength after 13 years due to expansive soil characteristics. The cohesion of the top layer was reduced to 8.48 kN/m², the internal friction angle to 2.75°, and the elastic modulus to 1914.67 kN/m². In the second layer, the cohesion value was 25.14 kN/m², while the internal friction angle was 11.47° and the elastic modulus was 7218.71 kN/m². The cohesion in the third layer reached 36.28 kN/m², an internal friction angle of 12.71°, with an elastic modulus of 10466.96 kN/m², while in the fourth layer the cohesion reached 42.66 kN/m² and an internal friction angle of 13.42° with an elastic modulus of 12329.57 kN/m². Accompanied by a bending moment generated of 88.6 tons.m so it is recommended to use corrugated concrete sheet pile (CCSP) type W600 Type B for this condition. The study revealed that the stepwise decrease in the shear strength of the soil, caused by its expansive nature, was a major factor in the instability of the sheet pile structure.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko, Shilan Nazwa Alifia
Effect of Electrokinetic Soil Improvement on CBR Value of Expansive Clay
Improvement of low permeability soils with high plasticity index and high shrinkage expansion cannot be done by soil compaction or consolidation. The structure of expansive clays is influenced by the history of soil formation. Expansive soil structure is composed of two tetrahedra with one octahedron. Van der Waals bonds bind them together. Kolinite, illite, and montmorillonite are minerals in expansive soils. Montmorillonite has the weakest bond of the others so that other elements can easily enter the clay structure and bind to it. The ability of clay soil to absorb water or other minerals that come close is due to its cation exchange capacity (CEC). Clay, with its negative ions, will attract positive ions that approach the soil surface. Water with H+ content will easily enter into the structure of the clay soil, bond with it, and cause the soil to swell. Electrokinetic soil improvement is effective on clay soils. With the nature and characteristics of clay soil, positively charged stabilizing ions are required. Positive ions will enter due to the CEC process and affect the mineral content of the soil, thereby improving the physical and mechanical properties of the clay soil. Therefore, this research needs to be conducted to improve clay soil using the electrokinetic method with a calcium dioxide solution. An increase in the Bearing Capacity Ratio (CBR) value occurred after being improved by electrokinetics using four variations of voltage application. The variation of applied voltage gives different results to the change of soil mechanical properties. The original soil CBR of 0.093% increased for all stress applications. The optimum CBR value occurred in the soil applied with 15V. The resulting CBR increase reached 200% of the original soil CBR.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lydia Darmiyanti, Ivan Imanuel, Prihartono Prihartono
Comparative Analysis of Embankment Slope Stability using Geofoam
Landslides caused by land movement due to unstable soil are one of the causes of infrastructure damage such as cracks or collapse and can pose various threats to humans. The development of technology in geotechnics called geofoam material which is also known as lightweight material can be solution. This study aims to determine whether geofoam can be used as a partial replacement material for soil by comparing the results that have been analyzed using Plaxis 2D software. Landslides with existing silt clay soil conditions occur because the safety factor = 1 in undrained conditions. Meanwhile, on embankment soil built with geofoam measuring 1 x 4 m on a 15 m thick embankment and a slope of 1:2, it shows that the safety factor on the slope increases to 1.5 for undrained conditions and 1.9 for drained conditions. A reduction in the amount of geofoam by 37% was carried out and the SF figures were 1.34 for undrained and 1.6 for drained. These results have met the requirements of SNI 8460:2017, where SF>1.25 and external load of 25 kN/m2 did not change the safety factor on the geofoam embankment. In addition, the displacement in undrained and drained conditions on the existing soil reached 27 cm and 31 cm respectively, much different from the displacement on the geofoam which was only 2.3 cm and 2.7 cm. The results of the effective stress distribution pattern and shear strain showed that the activity that occurred on the embankment with geofoam was very low compared to the existing soil. It can be concluded that geofoam material can replace part of the embankment, because it has been proven to be able to stabilize the slope on the embankment. In addition, the more geofoam used, the higher the stability of the embankment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko, Arsila Hairunnisa
Construction Learning Revolution: Optimizing Student Engagement and Understanding through Game-Based Learning with Minecraft as a Learning Medium
In the digital era, innovative learning methods are key to increasing student engagement and understanding in engineering and construction. One of the increasingly emerging approaches is game-based learning (GBL), where games are used as interactive educational tools. This study explores the effectiveness of Minecraft: Education Edition in improving academic performance and engagement of students in the Construction Engineering and Management (CEM) Study Program at a university in Indonesia. This study used a mixed method, namely learning observation and questionnaire survey of students attending Minecraft-based lecture sessions. The findings of this study are presented in three main topics, namely the implementation of Minecraft: Education Edition as a learning medium, the Effectiveness of Minecraft as a Learning Medium for Construction Management, and implementation barriers. The results of this study are expected to provide insight into best practices in engineering education, especially in the application of interactive technology to improve learning effectiveness. This study also provides recommendations for higher education institutions to adopt game-based learning as part of innovative strategies in engineering learning. With increased student engagement and understanding through game-based simulations, Minecraft has the potential to be a revolutionary educational tool in the construction discipline.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ario Bintang Koesalamwardi, Seng Hansen
Construction Workers’ Perceptions of Project Sacrifice and Safety Compliance
Many prior studies focused on construction workers' perceptions of safety compliance, but little or no research has been undertaken to investigate the relationship between construction project sacrifice and safety compliance. Construction project sacrifice – known as ‘tumbal proyek’ in the Indonesian Language is a socio-cultural phenomenon that still exists in Indonesian society. This research examines the perceptions of construction workers regarding project sacrifice and their relationship to workers’ compliance with construction safety management. A mixed-method approach was employed, which consisted of an integrative literature review and questionnaire surveys. In total, there were 102 valid survey responses, which were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling-Generalised Structured Component Analysis (SEM-GSCA). The analysis demonstrates a positive relationship between workers’ perceptions of project sacrifice and safety compliance. This study adds by offering empirical data on the phenomenon of project sacrifice and how workers' perceptions of it can influence the construction safety compliance in Indonesia. Although this is a context-specific study, the findings can serve as a reference for future research to enhance the safety climate in construction projects.
Comparative Study of Molasses and Chemical Retarders on Concrete Compressive Strength and Setting Time
Concrete damage is often linked to reduced structural strength due to rapid setting, which complicates compaction and placement. Chemical retarders are commonly used to address this issue but are costly and environmentally unfriendly. Molasses, a by-product of the sugar industry containing sucrose, glucose, and fructose, offers a potentially eco-friendly and economical alternative. This study compares the effects of molasses and a chemical retarder (Plastiment VZ) at dosages of 0.2–0.4% on concrete compressive strength and initial setting time. Results show that 0.35% molasses increased compressive strength to 25.48 MPa compared to 19.53 MPa in normal concrete, though strength declined at 0.4%. Plastiment VZ showed more consistent gains, reaching 25.90 MPa at 0.4%. For setting time, molasses delayed hydration to 435 minutes (0.4%), while Plastiment VZ extended it further to 690 minutes (0.4%). Thus, molasses can serve as an alternative retarder, though Plastiment VZ provides more stable effects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ika Bali, Imanuel Matondang
Strength Properties of Cellular Lightweight Concrete Bricks Using Sorong Sand
Infrastructure growth in Sorong requires innovative construction materials that are efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly. Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) bricks are proposed as an alternative to conventional red bricks. This study investigates the compressive strength and density of CLC bricks made with Sorong sand, using Cikarang sand as a comparison. Laboratory trials were conducted to develop a mix design with a target density of 800 kg/m³. The results show that CLC bricks using Sorong sand reached densities of 821.73–867.16 kg/m³ and compressive strengths of 0.81–1.11 MPa at curing ages of 3, 7, and 14 days. These values were slightly lower than those of Cikarang-sand bricks, which achieved densities of 831.11–879.01 kg/m³ and strengths of 0.81–1.26 MPa. The reduced strength of Sorong-sand bricks is related to their lower density. Nonetheless, testing confirmed that Sorong sand meets fine aggregate specifications, making it suitable for CLC brick production and supporting local infrastructure development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel Khen Titarsole, Ika Bali, Eddy Triyanto Sudjatmiko
Comparative Structural Seismic Performance of a 10-Story Commercial Building Using Lightweight Precast Concrete Panels and Lightweight Brick Wall Systems
This study presents a comparative seismic performance analysis of a 10-story commercial building in North Jakarta, an area characterized by high seismicity and challenging geotechnical conditions. Two identical structural models were analyzed using ETABS v2022: one using a lightweight precast concrete panel system (JOE Green X3) and the other using a conventional Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) lightweight brick system. The aim is to compare the seismic structural performance of the analysis, based on the response spectrum method in accordance with SNI 1726:2019, revealed that the precast concrete panel system, was 14.4% lighter than the AAC lightweight bricks system when accounting for its full installed weight, including plaster and bracing columns. It resulted in a shorter fundamental period (0.412 s) compared to 0.453 s of the AAC lightweight brick system. However, the seismic base shear forces are nearly identical due to compensating effects in the site-specific response spectrum. Although both systems meet the deflection limits mandated by regulations, their performance is direction-dependent. This study concludes that the substantial reduction in total mass of the precast panel system provides a shorter vibration period but comparable seismic performance to the AAC lightweight brick system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Naisha Elvira Tanjung, Naisha Elvira Tanjung, Ivan Imanuel, Ika Bali, Ika Bali