From Disaster to Enterprise: Community-Based Tourism and Livelihood Transformation after the Merapi Eruption
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33021/ijfbp.v9i1.6761Abstract
Purpose: This study examines how communities affected by the 2010 Mount Merapi eruption transformed livelihood disruption into community-based entrepreneurial activities and diversified income sources. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative case study was conducted in Cangkringan District, Sleman, Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with seven purposively selected informants, participant observation, and documentation. Data were analysed through open, axial, and selective coding, while triangulation, member checking, peer debriefing, an audit trail, and reflexivity enhanced trustworthiness. Findings: The findings reveal a transition from agriculture- and livestock-dependent livelihoods toward tourism services, jeep tours, homestays, micro-enterprises, handicrafts, cooperatives, and Merapi coffee-related activities. Social capital, local knowledge, community participation, natural assets, and institutional support enabled residents to recombine livelihood resources into new economic opportunities. Tourism nevertheless created tensions involving unequal benefit distribution, environmental pressure, cultural commodification, and concerns over local ownership. Originality/value: The study extends the sustainable livelihoods perspective by conceptualising post-disaster resilience as entrepreneurial recombination: communities do not merely restore pre-disaster livelihoods but transform available social, human, natural, physical, financial, and cultural resources into locally embedded enterprises. This reframes disaster recovery as a pathway from vulnerability toward local enterprise creation.
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